ALEXANDRIA
The Pearl of the Mediterranean

Founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BCE, it became one of the most cosmopolitan cities of the ancient world. Shaped first by Greek vision and later by Roman power, it served as the empire’s gateway to Africa and the Mediterranean. Later, in the 15th century, Islamic Alexandria emerged. Much of ancient Alexandria lies beneath the modern city and the sea, after earthquakes and shifting coastlines submerged the royal quarter.